Proximate analysis, phytochemical profiling, oral median lethal dose (LD50), and effect of Solanum melongena (Garden egg) aqueous leaf extract on weight in Rats

Ekoh, A. J., Odo, O. F., Onyemelukwe, A. O.

Abstract

This study investigates the proximate composition, phytochemical profile, oral median lethal dose (LD50), and the effect of Solanum melongena (garden egg) aqueous leaf extract (SMALE) on the body weight of rats. Acute toxicity testing revealed that SMALE was non-toxic, with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating its safety for use in higher doses. The phytochemical screening identified moderate levels of proteins and tannins, with trace amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, suggesting SMALE’s potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Proximate analysis showed that SMALE is primarily composed of carbohydrates (12.46%), with low levels of fat, protein, and fiber. The study also found no significant changes in the body weight of rats administered SMALE, suggesting that the extract does not affect weight gain or loss at the tested doses. These findings suggest that SMALE may have beneficial health-promoting properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, but its influence on body weight is minimal. Further studies are needed to explore its long-term effects and therapeutic potential.