Philosophical framing and quantitative evaluation of Nigeria’s carbon emission reduction policies based on the PMC index model: sectoral evidence from energy, agriculture, and waste management

Abstract

This study presents a thorough philosophical and quantitative assessment of Nigeria's carbon emission reduction strategies, focusing on three critical sectors: energy, agriculture, and waste management. Given Nigeria’s commitments under international frameworks such as the Paris Agreement, the need for effective, coherent, and actionable climate policies has become paramount. The paper adopts the Policy Management Consistency (PMC) index model to analyze 13 foundational climate-related policies. By evaluating the design, objectives, and implementation guarantees of each policy, the research identifies inconsistencies and strengths that shape Nigeria’s climate governance framework. The findings indicate that while some policies demonstrate a commendable level of coherence and alignment with national and international goals, others fall short due to fragmented frameworks and implementation gaps. The analysis concludes that targeted policy reforms are essential for fostering robust climate action, enhancing policy synergies, and promoting sustainable development in Nigeria.